Measurement and characterization of ambient air pollutants in selected industrial areas of Kaduna, Nigeria

Authors

  • J. Lawal
    Department of Air Traffic Service and Commucation, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
  • A. A. Tyovenda
    Departement of Physics, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi (JOSTUM), Benue State Nigeria
  • H. Lawal
    Department of Internal Audit, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
  • M. U. Sarki
    Departement of Physics , Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
  • J. A. Lawal
    Department of Physics, Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara, Kogi State, Nigeria
  • D. A. Ismaila
    Department of Management School, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
  • D. S. Igba
    Departement of Physics, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi (JOSTUM), Benue State Nigeria

Keywords:

Air pollution, Particulate matter, Gaseous pollutants, WHO standards, Kaduna State

Abstract

Air pollution from industrial sources is a critical environmental and public health concern in Nigeria. This study measured concentrations of gaseous pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, SO2, H2S, NH3) and particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) in selected industrial areas of Kaduna Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria. Five major stationary emission sources Kaduna Refinery, Indomie Factory, Hikman Gas Plant, PZ Cusson Factory, and A.A. Rano Diesel Plant were sampled at distances of 10--100 m from emission points. Results showed that pollutant concentrations decreased exponentially with distance due to atmospheric dispersion. Comparisons with WHO 24-hour guideline limits(CO: 4.00 μg/m3; PM2.5: 5.00 μg/m3; PM10: 20.00 μg/m3) revealed significant exceedances at four functional sites. At Indomie Factory, CO (18.71 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (32.95 μg/m3)  exceeded limits by factors of 4.7 and 6.6. At Hikman Gas Plant, CO (15.30 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (24.55 μg/m3) exceeded limits by factors of 3.8 and 4.9. At PZ Cusson Factory, CO (16.18 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (32.45 μg/m3) exceeded limits by factors of 4.0 and 6.5. At A.A. Rano Diesel Plant,(17.96 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (27.89 μg/m3) exceeded limits by factors of 4.5 and 5.6. PM10 at Indomie Factory (60.07 μg/m3) exceeded the WHO limit by a factor of 3. The non-operational Kaduna Refinery recorded values within permissible limits. Diesel generator exhaust was identified as the major contributor (CO--PM2.5: r = 0.82, p < 0.01). The study recommends routine monitoring, cleaner energy adoption, and stricter enforcement of air quality standards.

Dimensions

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Published

2026-06-08

How to Cite

Measurement and characterization of ambient air pollutants in selected industrial areas of Kaduna, Nigeria. (2026). African Scientific Reports, 5(2), 363. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2026.5.2.363

Issue

Volume 5, Issue 2, August 2026

Section

PHYSICS SECTION
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2026 J. Lawal, A. A. Tyovenda, H. Lawal, M. U. Sarki, J. A. Lawal, D. A. Ismaila, D. S. Igba

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Measurement and characterization of ambient air pollutants in selected industrial areas of Kaduna, Nigeria. (2026). African Scientific Reports, 5(2), 363. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2026.5.2.363

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